Blue Horizon Journal
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Peptide & Injury-Science Glossary

Plain-language definitions of the peptides, drugs, and injury-science terms on this site — each with its evidence tier.

GLP-1 & metabolic

  • Mounjaro AEli Lilly's brand of tirzepatide approved for type 2 diabetes — the same molecule as Zepbound, on a different label.
  • Ozempic ANovo Nordisk's brand of semaglutide approved for type 2 diabetes — the same molecule as Wegovy, on a different label.
  • Rybelsus ANovo Nordisk's oral semaglutide tablet, approved for type 2 diabetes — the same molecule as Ozempic and Wegovy, taken by mouth.
  • Semaglutide AA GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for weight management and type 2 diabetes — sold as Wegovy, Ozempic and Rybelsus.
  • Tirzepatide AA dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for weight management and type 2 diabetes — sold as Zepbound and Mounjaro.
  • Wegovy ANovo Nordisk's brand of semaglutide approved for weight management — the same molecule as Ozempic, at a different dose and for a different use.
  • Zepbound AEli Lilly's brand of tirzepatide approved for weight management — the same molecule as Mounjaro, sold as pens and as single-dose vials.

Recovery peptides

  • BPC-157 CA lab-made peptide sold online for healing — its strongest human evidence is for stomach protection, not tendons, and no human tendon trial exists.
  • CJC-1295 DA growth-hormone-releasing peptide sold in two different forms, with no human trial data for either version on injury recovery.
  • DSIP (Delta Sleep-Inducing Peptide) DA peptide named for a 1970s sleep effect that later research struggled to reproduce, with no modern human recovery trial.
  • Ipamorelin BA growth-hormone-releasing peptide with human data on hormone release, but none on tendon or injury recovery.
  • MOTS-c DA peptide made from mitochondrial DNA, studied in rodents as an exercise mimic, with no published human recovery trial.
  • TB-500 DA lab-made fragment of a natural healing protein, sold on that protein's reputation despite having no published human trial of its own.
  • Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) BThe full, natural healing protein that TB-500 is a fragment of — with real human trial history for dry eye, not for tendons or muscle.

Injury science

  • A2 PulleyThe finger pulley climbers injure most often — a small band of tissue that holds the finger tendons against the bone.
  • Alfredson ProtocolA 12-week heavy-loading exercise program that became the standard, evidence-backed way to treat chronic Achilles tendon pain without surgery.
  • BowstringingThe tendon visibly lifting away from the bone after several finger pulleys tear — a sign doctors look for on ultrasound.
  • FDP / FDSThe two tendons that bend the fingers — the ones climbing's crimp grip loads the hardest.
  • Hypovascular Watershed ZoneA section of the Achilles tendon with a weak blood supply — a likely reason Achilles injuries there heal so slowly.
  • MechanotransductionHow a tendon cell turns physical load into the biological signal that rebuilds tendon tissue.
  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP)An injection made from a concentrated part of your own blood, used for stubborn tendon pain — and one of the few tendon treatments with real controlled human trials behind it.
  • Schöffl GradingThe four-grade system doctors use to classify finger pulley injuries in climbers, from a mild strain to a multi-pulley rupture.
  • Tendinosis vs. TendinitisWhy most chronic tendon pain isn't inflammation (tendinitis) at all, but a breakdown of the tendon's own structure (tendinosis).
  • TenocyteThe cell that builds and maintains tendon tissue, and changes its behavior based on how much load the tendon carries.

Cost & care

  • Cash Price (Self-Pay)What you pay out of pocket when insurance isn't involved — often far below the list price, and never a single number.
  • Compounding PharmacyA pharmacy that mixes a medication to order, rather than dispensing a manufacturer's finished, FDA-approved product.
  • List Price (WAC)The manufacturer's published price for a drug — the headline number, and rarely what anyone actually pays.
  • Maintenance DoseThe steady dose someone stays on long term, once the step-up (titration) period is finished.
  • Manufacturer DirectBuying a drug straight from the company that makes it, paying cash — skipping insurance and the retail pharmacy.
  • TelehealthAn online clinic that handles the visit and the prescription remotely, and usually ships the medication to you.
  • TitrationStarting a medicine at a low dose and stepping it up gradually over weeks, instead of starting at the full dose.

More terms

  • Wolverine stackThe nickname for taking BPC-157 and TB-500 together — two lab-made peptides stacked for their claimed healing effects, with no human trial testing the combination.

Frequently asked questions

What do the evidence tiers mean?

Every compound entry carries a letter grade for how strong the human evidence is for that specific use:

  • Tier A — approved by regulators for a specific use.
  • Tier B — human data exists, but for a different use than the one being searched.
  • Tier C — animal or lab studies from more than one research group; no human trial.
  • Tier D — animal or lab studies only, thin and usually from a single research group.
  • Tier E — human data, but for skin (topical) use only.
Why do some terms have no tier?
Anatomy, injury-science and pricing terms — pulleys, tendon biology, grading systems, list price — are vocabulary, not compounds. The evidence scale doesn’t apply to them, so they carry no tier.
How do you tell a study from a community report?
By the verb. A study found or showed something — a published result, in an animal model, a lab dish, or occasionally a human trial. Users on forums report or describe something — a personal account, not proof. The two are never blended into one claim.
Does listing a compound mean you recommend it?
No. A compound listed here is in scope because people search for it, not because it’s recommended. For many of them, no human study exists for the use being searched — where that’s true, the entry says so.